There are some elements that every good narrative needs.
If you skip any of these, your story will likely fall flat and fail to connect with readers. They’ll struggle to immerse themselves in the world you’ve created and have little concern for what happens to your characters.
Nobody sets out to write an awful story, but that is the risk if you do not have the necessary foundational components in place.
The good news is that establishing a solid foundation can help you avoid writing a boring story. Learn what all the book needs—the various parts of a story, how they fit together, and why they are essential—and you will become a better storyteller.
The Five Fundamental Parts of a Story That Every Book Needs
Let’s take a closer look at the five primary plot components.
An Unforgettable Main Character
Characters are what stories are made up of. Even though they are not humans, they contribute to our understanding of the human condition. (malfunctioning robots, anyone?)
The main character of a novel is crucial in any story. Chances are, an idea for your primary character will have come to you as a core part of your story idea or shortly after. You possibly know their gender, approximate age, nationality, and perhaps a bit about their personality.
For some writers, this is sufficient, and the rest of the character’s personality and backstory will emerge as they write the novel. Many writers, however, prefer to flesh out their main characters while building their plots because the two are so interconnected.
To ensure that the main character of the novel is someone your readers will want to spend a lot of time with, you must first induce empathy for them. This can be accomplished by showing they are kind, skilled, competent, or popular.
Alternatively, if your character is truly nasty, make sure they’re humorous. We are willing to forgive various shortcomings if someone can still make us laugh.
Furthermore, you might want to think about the following characteristics of your primary character:
- Positive traits.
- Negative qualities.
- Motivations
- Flaws
- Quirks and mannerisms.
- Fears and phobias.
- Most valued possession.
You do not need to describe all aspects of your main character right at the beginning of the story, but try to make them feel well-rounded and interesting to get you off to a great start.
An Extraordinary Situation
Of course, your characters cannot walk around in the void.
In some stories, the setting is an integral part of the story, almost like a character, such as a talking space station or a lost slave ship at sea. Even in those where the setting is more every day, the setting must play a crucial role in creating unique conflicts, stresses, and tensions for your characters.
But why does the title say ‘ situation’ instead of ‘ setting’?
The setting usually relates to a specific time and place, such as Victorian England or Futuristic Mars.
However, the word ‘ situation’ implies that the setting is more than just that.
There were various social strata in Victorian England. Is the story based on the poverty-stricken areas or the decadent areas? This book may also feature unique aspects of the setting, such as vampires wandering the streets, a setting/situation from overseas, or a new invention about to transform everything.
When discussing futuristic Mars, the situation may include a threat from an alien species or a lack of resources.
Alternatively, the plot situation could be related to internal politics. If the novel is a romance, the setting/situation may occur in a culture where partners are assigned at birth based on DNA, yet the main character falls in love with someone else.
So, explore your setting beyond geographic location and year to see how your setting might enrich your story’s themes, story conflicts, and antagonists.
A Compelling Objective
Everybody wants something. And the more your character is ready to do to acquire what they want, the more interesting your story will be.
In the real world, people do not always have clear objectives. They may change their views frequently or lack the seriousness and motivation to achieve their goals. While this is the usual, it is also not very thrilling, so it doesn’t make for good storytelling. As a result, in fiction, it pays for your characters to know your wants and needs.
The first stage is to analyze what your character wants from their everyday life. Do they aspire to be rich, catch a criminal, find their soulmate, or save the world or their livelihoods from destruction?
However, what the characters want frequently turns out to be different from what they need. The character needs the heart of the story and what makes the situation more exciting.
For example, maybe your leading man craves money and power (his want) because he has never felt he has the approval of his domineering father (his need). However, even after gaining wealth and prestige, he remains dissatisfied because his needs are still not fulfilled. Only if he is insightful enough or gets outside help will he recognize he has been chasing the wrong results, and only with self-acceptance will he finally feel at ease.
Wants (external goals) are typically related to money, power, possessions, and possessive love. Needs (internal goals) are often associated with courage, compassion, belonging, and self-acceptance.
Consider what your main character wants and needs.
A Challenging Opponent
Every great novel needs story conflict and antagonists. It’s the driving force behind a compelling story, building tension, excitement, and intrigue. In truth, a story cannot exist without conflict.
While there will be several conflicts of various levels throughout your novel when it comes to the essential story elements, are we thinking about the primary antagonist? The nemesis.
While the opponent can be a natural force, an organization, or a situation, the most potent ones to strike our human psyches are typically personified.
Voldemort is an obvious ‘Bad Guy,’ a power-hungry, intelligent lunatic.
In The Matrix, the entire world appears to be against them, yet we are given a face to focus our fear and courage against in Agent Smith.
The opponents in the Hunger Games are the whole system and the Gamemakers, but President Snow makes the general specific.
Good opponents aren’t just random evildoers; their goals are in direct conflict with the main characters, and they frequently serve as a reflection, revealing what could happen if the main character takes the wrong path or fails to achieve courage or integrity.
Opponents must be powerful and formidable. They must appear unbeatable and wield significant power or control over the main character’s chances of happiness.
Impending Disaster and Realistic Stakes
If you’ve captivated your readers with a riveting situation, made them care about your main character and what they want, and had them rooting for the character against a worthy opponent, there’s only one thing left to do.
Thrill them by writing effective story endings.
Even successful discovery writers (those who write the novel without preplanning the plot) frequently admit that they have a basic idea of how their story will end when they begin writing. Knowing where your novel is going, you can direct it far better. And you’ll want to finish with a boom.
So, the final central story element is a ‘disaster.’
This might be a natural disaster that the main character must face as their final challenge. Or it might be a looming catastrophe that the main character must avert or avoid.
While life-or-death situations are naturally high stakes and therefore enticing in fiction, it is feasible to captivate readers with much more day-to-day goals and disasters if you set them up correctly.
The possibility of losing $20 or $100 in a card game isn’t compelling enough to keep anyone’s interest for long. But the possibility of losing the Poker World Championship after playing for decades and overcoming tremendous personal challenges, including defeating a shady, evil, and arrogant opponent, is far more compelling.
So, think about the finale of your novel and how your main character will be tested. Writing effective story endings is essential for keeping your readers fully engaged from start to finish. Once you know this, you can ensure they spend the rest of the novel learning the skills they need to succeed.
These are the five essential components of your story. But they are merely a beginning point.
Other Story Elements to Consider
Once you’ve got the basics, you’ll add these essential story elements.
- An intriguing theme or central question.
- A distinctive voice.
- Engaging subplots.
- Effective Symbolism.
In Conclusion
In every captivating novel, certain fundamental elements serve as the backbone of the story. A compelling main character draws readers in, embodying relatable struggles and growth. An opponent, whether an antagonist or internal conflict, introduces tension and challenges that keep readers invested. The objective drives the narrative forward, providing a clear goal or mission that adds purpose to the protagonist’s journey. A well-crafted setting immerses readers in the world of the story, giving context and atmosphere. Finally, a satisfying resolution ties the narrative together, delivering closure and insight. These five elements create a rich, engaging story that resonates with readers. Reflect on your writing: are these elements fully realized? Identifying and refining them can transform your novel from good to great, ensuring a memorable and impactful reading experience.
FAQ’s – Frequently Asked Questions
1. What are the key story elements that every book requires?
A main protagonist, a difficult opponent, a clear goal, a vivid setting, and a satisfying ending are all essential story elements. Each element adds to the story’s depth and engagement while keeping readers interested. Successfully incorporating these elements into a good book can elevate it to greatness.
2. How important is a novel's protagonist?
Your book’s success depends on the main character of the novel. This character drives the plot and frames it for readers. A well-developed main character should be engaging, sympathetic, and driven. Reader engagement and story appeal depend on them. Without a compelling protagonist, the story may lack depth and audience engagement.
3. What constitutes a good story ending?
Writing effective story endings entails resolving major conflicts and providing a compelling conclusion. A good ending summarizes the main character’s journey and provides closure. It should correspond to the story’s theme and tone. A memorable ending usually has a lasting impact and leaves readers satisfied.
4. How do antagonists and story conflicts enhance books?
The conflict and antagonism of the narrative give the plot complexity and suspense. Whether the conflict is internal or external, it drives the story and hooks readers. A good antagonist drives the main character toward development and overcomes obstacles. The dynamic interaction between the protagonist and antagonist creates tension and reader engagement in the story. Effective strong conflict and strong antagonists are requirements for engaging and immersive experiences.
5. Why does the setting of a novel matter?
A well-developed environment is crucial for anchoring and deepening the story. It gives readers context, atmosphere, and a feeling of place so they might picture and relate to the book. A convincing environment shapes the choices and behavior of the individuals, advancing the story. It can also help illustrate themes and enhance the story. Without a strong setting, the story may seem incomplete or uninteresting.